(11C) Tree Heights
11-02-2018, 01:24 PM (This post was last modified: 11-02-2018 01:26 PM by Gamo.)
Post: #1
 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 508 Joined: Dec 2016
(11C) Tree Heights
This program was adapted from the Hand-Held-Calculator Programs
for the Field Forester.

More detail information attached here.

Procedure:

1. Enter slope distance to base of tree [A] -->Display known distance

2. Enter Slope percent to tip, [R/S] --> Display 0 (Slope to tip Stored)

3. Enter Slope percent to Base.

I. If Positive [B] --> display 0 // slope base entered
II. If Negative [C] --> display 0 // slope base entered

4. [D] ---> Tree Heights

-----------------------------------------------

Example: FIX 1

Slope Percent to tip = 40
Negative slope percent to base = 20
Distance to tree = 56
What is the Tree Heights?

56 [A] display 56
40 [R/S] display 0
20 [C] display 0
[D] 32.9

Tree Heights is 32.9

-------------------------------------------------

Slope Percent to tip = 40
Positive slope percent to base = 20
Distance to tree = 56
What is the Tree Heights?

56 [A] display 56
40 [R/S] display 0
20 [B] display 0
[D] 10.9

Tree Heights is 10.9

Program:
Code:
 LBL A   // Enter Distance and Slope Tip STO 3 R/S GSB 1 STO 1 CLx RTN -------------------------------------------- LBL B  // Enter Positive Slope Base GSB 1 RCL 1 - CHS STO 2 CLx RTN ------------------------------------------ LBL C  // ENTER Negative Slope Base GSB 1 RCL 1 + STO 2 CLx RTN ----------------------------------------- LBL D  // Compute Tree Height RCL 2 SIN RCL 3 x 90 ENTER RCL 1 - SIN ÷ RTN --------------------------------------- LBL 1 EEX 2  ÷ TAN -1 RTN

Gamo

Attached File(s) Thumbnail(s)

11-02-2018, 02:43 PM
Post: #2
 SlideRule Senior Member Posts: 832 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
Hand-Held-Calculator Programs for the Field Forester
Wayne D. Shepperd, Associate Silviculturist
General Technical Report RM-76 (July 1980)
Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
Forest Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Abstract
A library of programs written for hand-held, programmable
calculators is described which eliminates many of the computations
previously done by hand in the field. Programs for scaling aerial
photos, variable plot cruising, basal area factor gauge calibration,
and volume calculations are included.

Contents
Introduction............................ 1
Slope to Horizontal Distance....... 2
Basal Area Computation............ 3
Tree Heights.......................... 4
Multispecies Board Foot Volumes 7
BAF Gauge Calibration.............. 9
Limiting Distance................... 10
Photo Work Program............... 12
Spruce Variable Plot Cruising.... 14
Literature Cited..................... 17

BEST!
SlideRule
11-02-2018, 06:15 PM (This post was last modified: 11-02-2018 09:48 PM by Dieter.)
Post: #3
 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,398 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
(11-02-2018 01:24 PM)Gamo Wrote:  This program was adapted from the Hand-Held-Calculator Programs
for the Field Forester.

More detail information attached here.

Thank you very much. The attached program description seems to refer to a TI program: enter three values with four (!) label keys, finally press another key for the result. But this is HP, the 11C uses RPN, here all this can be done much shorter and more straightforward, even without using a single data register. A direct translationm on the other hand, duplicates the clumsy original procedure:

(11-02-2018 01:24 PM)Gamo Wrote:  1. Enter slope distance to base of tree [A] -->Display known distance

2. Enter Slope percent to tip, [R/S] --> Display 0 (Slope to tip Stored)

3. Enter Slope percent to Base.

I. If Positive [B] --> display 0 // slope base entered
II. If Negative [C] --> display 0 // slope base entered

4. [D] ---> Tree Heights

We can do better. ;-)

First of all, mathematically there is no need to distinguish positive or negative base angles and handle them separately. The same formula will work for both cases, as tan(–x) = –tan(x). Also there is no need to calculate sin(90°–B1) as this is equivalent to cos(B1).

Converting the slope values to angles is done in a subroutine. But on the 11C this is merely four steps,*) so two calls require (2x GSB, LBL, 4 steps, RTN) eight lines altogether. This does not save any program steps, compared to having the same four steps twice in the program. So a subroutine has no advantage, and without it the program would even run slightly faster. I left it in there anyway so that the user may do the slope-to-angle conversion with f[E], independently from the rest of the program.

Here is my attempt at realizing all this in a compact 10/11/15C program, but it should run just as well on many other HPs. If your calculator does not feature LBL A or LBL E simply replaced them with numeric ones.

Code:
01 LBL A 02 GSB E 03 X<>Y 04 GSB E 05 COS 06 X<>Y 07 LstX 08 X<>Y 09 - 10 SIN 11 X<>Y 12 ÷ 13 x 14 RTN 15 LBL E 16 EEX 17 2 18 ÷ 19 TANˉ¹ 20 RTN

Enter base distance [ENTER] tip slope percent [ENTER] base slope percent.
Press f[A] to get the tree height.

Enter slope percent, press f[E] and get the equivalent angle.

56  [ENTER]  40  [ENTER] –20 f[A] => 32,95
56  [ENTER]  40  [ENTER]  20  f[A] => 10,98

What is the equivalent angle for a slope of 30% ?
30 f[E] => 16,70°

Edit: here is a version for the HP25(C) which may also run on other calculators without labels and subroutines:

Code:
01 ENTER 02 EEX 03 2 04 ÷ 05 TANˉ¹ 06 X<>Y 07 EEX 08 2 09 ÷ 10 TANˉ¹ 11 COS 12 X<>Y 13 LastX 14 X<>Y 15 - 16 SIN 17 X<>Y 18 ÷ 19 x 20 GTO 00

Dieter
__________
*) In your original program you could even do it with 3 steps: 1 % TANˉ¹
11-02-2018, 07:03 PM
Post: #4
 SlideRule Senior Member Posts: 832 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
(11-02-2018 06:15 PM)Dieter Wrote:  … attached program description seems to refer to a TI program: enter three values with four (!) label keys, finally press another key for the result …
Dieter
Here's the program
[attachment=6548]
BEST!
SlideRule
11-02-2018, 07:41 PM
Post: #5
 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,398 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
(11-02-2018 07:03 PM)SlideRule Wrote:  Here's the program

Ah, thank you very much.

But I don't see much of a real program. It's more like a "program outline", as stated in the attachment, a kind of recipe for writing your own program.

BTW the result for the second example, rounded to one decimal, should be 11,0 instead of 10,9.

Dieter
11-03-2018, 01:35 AM (This post was last modified: 11-03-2018 01:38 AM by Gamo.)
Post: #6
 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 508 Joined: Dec 2016
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
Dieter thanks for the better program update.

This book only show the program guide line to adapted to any programmable
calculator as state at the beginning of the book.

Personally I program this Tree Height as simple to operate as possible so I put
all input operation separately on each labels like so
[A] For Known Distance and Slope Tip
[B] For known Positive Slope Base
[C] For Known Negative Slope Base
[D] Compute Tree Height

------------------------------------------------------
SlideRule Thanks for the program guide line page.

Remark: At second page of this book there are marked for the typo error

On Page 5 Example on the first line:

Should be: Positive Slope Percent to Tip=40

----------------------------------------------------

Gamo
11-03-2018, 12:47 PM (This post was last modified: 11-03-2018 02:13 PM by Dieter.)
Post: #7
 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,398 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
(11-03-2018 01:35 AM)Gamo Wrote:  Dieter thanks for the better program update.

See below. ;-)

(11-03-2018 01:35 AM)Gamo Wrote:  Personally I program this Tree Height as simple to operate as possible

Does it get simpler than entering the three values on the stack?

(11-03-2018 01:35 AM)Gamo Wrote:  so I put all input operation separately on each labels like so
[A] For Known Distance and Slope Tip
[B] For known Positive Slope Base
[C] For Known Negative Slope Base
[D] Compute Tree Height

Again: there is no need for separate calculations for positive or negative slope values. Try it: simply enter –20 at [B]. You may also use two separate labels for the distance and the slope percent to the tip.

Finally here is another version:

In many cases it is a good idea not to follow a given path but to try a new approach instead. This is also the case here. The tree height can also be calculated this way:

b = a·cos(B2) · tan(B1) – a·sin(B2)

The point here is that the sine and cosine term can be simultaneously calculated by means of the P–>R command. And the tangent simply is the tip slope divided by 100.

This leads to the following even shorter program:

Code:
01 LBL A 02 EEX 03 2 04 ÷ 05 X<>Y 06 LstX 07 ÷ 08 R↓ 09 TANˉ¹ 10 X<>Y 11 →R 12 R↑ 13 x 14 X<>Y 15 - 16 RTN

And here is a version that uses the label keys:

Code:
01 LBL A 02 STO 1 03 RTN 04 LBL B 05 1 06 % 07 TANˉ¹ 08 STO 2 09 R↓ 10 RTN 11 LBL C 12 1 13 % 14 STO 3 15 R↓ 16 RTN 17 LBL D 18 RCL 2 19 RCL 1 20 →R 21 RCL 3 22 x 23 X<>Y 24 - 25 RTN

f[USER]

Enter base distance [A]
Enter base slope percent [B]    (may be positive or negative)
Enter tip slope percent [C]
Calculate tree height with [D]

56 [A] =>  56,00
20 [B] =>  20,00
40 [C] =>  40,00
[D] =>  10,98

-20 [B] => -20,00
[D] =>  32,95

I was playing around a bit with a TI59 emulator, so here also is a version for the TI58/59.

Code:
000 76  LBL 001 11   A 002 42  STO 003 01   01 004 92  RTN 005 76  LBL 006 12   B 007 53   ( 008 24  CE 009 55   ÷ 010 32  X⇄T 011 01   1 012 00   0 013 00   0 014 54   ) 015 22  INV 016 30  TAN 017 42  STO 018 02   02 019 32  X⇄T 020 92  RTN 021 76  LBL 022 13   C 023 42  STO 024 03   03 025 92  RTN 026 76  LBL 027 14   D 028 53   ( 029 43  RCL 030 01   01 031 32  X⇄T 032 43  RCL 033 02   02 034 37  P/R 035 94  +/- 036 85   + 037 32  X⇄T 038 65   x 039 43  RCL 040 03   03 041 55   ÷ 042 01   1 043 00   0 044 00   0 045 54   ) 046 58  FIX 047 02   02 048 52  EE 049 22  INV 050 52  EE 051 92  INV 052 58  FIX 053 92  RTN

Usage is the same as above.
The final steps round the result to two decimals.

Dieter
11-04-2018, 03:32 PM
Post: #8
 Thomas Klemm Senior Member Posts: 1,448 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
We don't really need trigonometric functions here.
Good old Pythagoras is good enough:
Code:
01 LBL A 02 x<>y 03 - 04 EEX 05 2 06 LSTx 07 →P 08 x<>y 09 R↓ 10 ÷ 11 × 12 RTN

Examples:

56 ENTER
20 ENTER
40 A
10.9825

56 ENTER
-20 ENTER
40 A
32.9475

Cheers
Thomas
11-04-2018, 04:57 PM (This post was last modified: 11-04-2018 05:35 PM by Dieter.)
Post: #9
 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,398 Joined: Dec 2013
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
(11-04-2018 03:32 PM)Thomas Klemm Wrote:  We don't really need trigonometric functions here.
Good old Pythagoras is good enough:

Great! This way it can also be done on the 12C and other calculators without trigs or polar/rectangular conversion:

Code:
01 X<>Y 02 - 03 LstX 04 ENTER 05 x 06 EEX 07 4 08 + 09 √x 10 ÷ 11 × 12 GTO 00

Since no →P is required this may even run slightly faster than Thomas' original version. If available, replace "ENTER x" with x².

(11-04-2018 03:32 PM)Thomas Klemm Wrote:  Examples:

56 ENTER
20 ENTER
40 A
10.9825

56 ENTER
-20 ENTER
40 A
32.9475

Same for the above version. Press [R/S] instead of [A]. ;-)

I you, like me, prefer to enter base distance [ENTER] tip slope [ENTER] base slope, simply remove the first line.

Gamo, if you want to implement this for the 11C using the label keys A...D, here is an adapted version:

Code:
01 LBL A 02 STO 1 03 RTN 04 LBL B 05 STO 2 06 RTN 07 LBL C 08 STO 3 09 RTN 10 LBL D 11 RCL 3 12 RCL 2 13 - 14 RCL 2 15 x² 16 EEX 17 4 18 + 19 √x 20 ÷ 21 RCL 1 22 x 23 RTN

This thread shows once again how a new approach and a bit of better mathematical insight can substantially improve a given solution. So don't adapt programs or algorithms, rethink the problem and realize your own solution. Or "dare to think for yourself", as others have put it.

Dieter
11-05-2018, 12:52 AM
Post: #10
 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 508 Joined: Dec 2016
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
Thanks Thomas Klemm and Dieter

Programs updates is more streamline now even work on HP-12C

Excellent Idea !!

Gamo
11-22-2018, 05:27 PM (This post was last modified: 11-22-2018 05:35 PM by ijabbott.)
Post: #11
 ijabbott Senior Member Posts: 627 Joined: Jul 2015
RE: (11C) Tree Heights
(11-04-2018 04:57 PM)Dieter Wrote:
(11-04-2018 03:32 PM)Thomas Klemm Wrote:  We don't really need trigonometric functions here.
Good old Pythagoras is good enough:

Great! This way it can also be done on the 12C and other calculators without trigs or polar/rectangular conversion:

Code:
01 X<>Y 02 - 03 LstX 04 ENTER 05 x 06 EEX 07 4 08 + 09 √x 10 ÷ 11 × 12 GTO 00

Since no →P is required this may even run slightly faster than Thomas' original version. If available, replace "ENTER x" with x².

(11-04-2018 03:32 PM)Thomas Klemm Wrote:  Examples:

56 ENTER
20 ENTER
40 A
10.9825

56 ENTER
-20 ENTER
40 A
32.9475

Same for the above version. Press [R/S] instead of [A]. ;-)

That's a neat solution! It's also worth mentioning that if you know the tangent, sine or cosine of an angle between 0 and 90 degrees, you can derive the others with standard arithmetic and the square root function.

$$\tan(x) = \frac{\sqrt{1-\cos^2(x)}}{\cos(x)}$$, or: $$\tan(x) = \sqrt{\frac{1}{\cos^2(x)} - 1}$$

Code:
ENTER × 1/x 1 - √x

$$\cos(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \tan^2(x)}}$$

Code:
ENTER × 1 + √x 1/x

$$\tan(x) = \frac{\sin(x)}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^2(x)}}$$

Code:
ENTER ENTER × 1 X<>Y - √x ÷

$$\sin(x) = \frac{\tan(x)}{\sqrt{1 + \tan^2(x)}}$$

Code:
ENTER ENTER × 1 + √x ÷

$$\sin(x) = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2(x)}$$, and: $$\cos(x) = \sqrt{1 - \sin^2(x)}$$

Code:
ENTER × 1 X<>Y - √x

Of course, "ENTER", "×" can be replaced by "x²" in all of the above, if available.

— Ian Abbott
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